51 pages 1 hour read

All Souls: A Family Story From Southie

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 1999

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Chapters 4-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 4 Summary: “Fight The Power”

Ma begins playing the accordion at anti-busing rallies. In September, she lets the children skip the first week of school as part of a neighborhood-wide school boycott. On the first day the buses come, most people in the neighborhood stand outside in protest and shout at the police, who are wearing riot gear. A bottle is thrown, and instantly, everyone around Michael seems to be fighting the police. Frankie finds Michael and yells at him to go home. Michael runs. When he gets home, he turns on the TV news, hoping to see his family on the live footage of the riot. 

Every day, the MacDonalds join other families to harass the buses and their police escorts. They all throw rocks, but Michael is always secretly glad when his stones never hit the buses. He reflects, “I was only eight, but I was part of it all, part of something bigger than I’d ever imagined, part of something that was on the national news every night” (85). SWAT teams are called into the neighborhood to assist the police, and MacDonald admits, “It felt good, the hate I had for the authorities. My whole family hated them” (85). The young Michael begins to equate the battle between the neighborhood and the police with the story of David’s battle against Goliath. 

In October, National Boycott Day occurs: an event arranged by Louise Day Hicks. Thousands attend a rally, then march on Judge Garrity’s house. The MacDonalds do not attend because Ma is worried that they will be arrested. The signs, which previously focused on restoring “alienated rights,” now take a darker turn and begin to express outright xenophobia and hatred of all Black people. He is confused when he hears the Ku Klux Klan mentioned because he cannot understand how this group is involved with anything that is happening. 

After National Boycott Day, the riots grow more violent. The police begin giving more severe beatings, and the criminals in the neighborhood fight back harder every day. During one hectic night of rioting, Michael sees his mother in the middle of a mob. “They’re beating kids!” (88) she screams, and orders Michael to go home. 

The following Monday, Ma makes them all go back to school at St. Augustine’s. There are no buses that day because the NAACP has bused all of the Black students to a meeting at a different location. The streets are empty because most people from Old Colony stay home. As he walks to school, Michael sees a row of pigs’ heads mounted on poles, along with anti-police slogans. That afternoon, some of the neighbors begin rocking a police cruiser. Michael hears a gunshot. An officer is firing into the air, trying to get a crowd to disperse as members of the mob drag a Black man from his car. Michael watches the man cry as he tries to escape from the mob. The man is hit with baseball bats and hockey sticks. MacDonald reflects, “I was sick. Sick of the police, sick of busing, sick of being thrilled or scared, and sick of the hate” (91). 

The next day, the news reports that the man, who was Haitian and was only passing through Southie while on his way to pick up his wife, almost died. Michael returns to the site of the beating. He sees “an aluminum baseball bat covered in blood” and when he notices that “the cops hadn’t taken it in for evidence,” he wonders, “Whose side are they on anyway?  (91). That afternoon, the news also reports that a white man driving through Roxbury was stoned and beaten unconscious by 200 Black teenagers roaming the streets. 

Michael’s sister Kathy is now 13 and is dating the toughest guys in school. She begins to shoplift and spend time with criminals. Meanwhile, Frankie fights constantly in school and hates the Black students more each day. One day in December, the news reports that a white teenager has been stabbed at the high school. Ma sends Michael outside to find out what happened. When he reaches the school, a riot has already started, and police cars are being tipped over. The boy who was critically stabbed wasn’t Frankie, but a kid named Michael Faith. All of the white students leave the building, and the Black students are trapped inside by the mob. Frankie drops out of school shortly after the incident. 

Ma visits her latest partner, Coley, who is in the hospital recovering from a liver operation. Ma is pregnant with a son who will be named Seamus; Coley has denied that the baby is his. Ma beats him badly in the hospital. Coley manages to punch her in the stomach, but she returns home laughing to tell the children the story. 

On St. Patrick’s Day, 1975, the authorities send a greater number of police, along with military troops, into the neighborhood. Ma is playing the accordion inside the Car Stop Café when the police arrive. A SWAT team shows up and charges into the Car Stop with the police. Through the window, Michael sees them beating everyone inside with their clubs. Michael runs home, but by the time he gets there, Ma is already there, saying that they hit her once with a club, but that she is unharmed. Shortly afterward, Coley presses charges against Ma, but when she appears in court, Coley drops the charges after the judge scolds him for being a coward and hitting a pregnant woman. 

In August, Ma, despite being eight months pregnant, gets in a fight with Chickie, Danny’s mother. Chickie has been insulting her publicly for no reason that anyone knows of. Ma beats her badly. Michael is worried that this incident will damage his friendship with Danny, but nothing changes. 

Michael’s older brother Davey gets out of the mental institution and cannot believe the situation with the riots and buses. He tells Michael that everyone on the outside is “crazier” than the people in the institution.

Chapter 5 Summary: “Looking for Whitey”

“Another one to make you a slave” (107), says Michael’s grandmother, Nana, to Ma after Seamus is born. Michael loves his new brother, reflecting, “I was tired of all the battles, the rock throwing and the protests, and I was excited to be around something so new as Seamus” (108). Every day, Michael takes Seamus for a walk around the neighborhood and does his best to protect him. 

After Seamus is born, the Boston Housing Authority knocks down a wall in the MacDonalds’ apartment and adds a new room. Now Michael feels like they live in luxury since a few of his siblings have their own rooms, but no one makes him feel better about where they live than the notorious Irish gangster Whitey Bulger, who is the brother of Senator Billy Bulger. Of Whitey Bulger, Michael states, “We had to have someone looking out for us, with the likes of Judge Garrity trying to take away what little we’d gotten for ourselves” (110). Everyone in the family and the neighborhood claims to know Whitey and to have seen him, but there is no evidence that any of this is true. MacDonald admits that to his family, Bulger became an image of “a hero, a powerful champion, in the midst of all the troubles” (111). Kevin even goes so far as to claim that Whitey Bulger is his father. Because of Kevin’s growing ties to other boys who are involved with the Irish Mafia, he claims to know more about Whitey than anyone. 

Kevin gets a job delivering newspapers for the Herald, and Michael often accompanies him on his route. Kevin tells him wild stories about Whitey’s past and the growing presence of the Irish Mafia. One day, Kevin comes home claiming to have been robbed of his paper money, but Michael hears him laughing to Kathy that he kept the money for himself and used it to buy mescaline and marijuana, in order to then sell the drugs. As a 12-year-old, Kevin enters Boston’s drug trade. Soon, people are knocking on the door constantly, asking for Kevin. Ma naïvely assumes that Kevin is just a popular kid. Michael begins seeing less of Kevin because Kevin is always sneaking out the window on secret errands. 

Phase Two of the busing initiative begins in the Charleston neighborhood. Michael’s brother, Joe, has been attending a trade school in Charleston and has made many Black friends, which in turn has made him a target for Irish people who accuse him of being a traitor. One day, after school, Joe encounters a mob waiting to fight and runs for his life, abandoning his Black friends. Although Joe continues to go to school at Charleston, he has to make more Irish friends for his own safety. Although MacDonald acknowledges that being part of the anti-busing movement gave him and his siblings the chance “to belong to something big” (118), he also admits that with the intensifying violence, “it wasn’t feeling so good anymore; we were losing—to the liberals and to the racists (118). 

A rumor starts that the politician George Wallace—a staunch segregationist—is planning a trip to South Boston as part of his run for president. Most of the neighborhood believes that Wallace will be able to end the busing conflict. Wallace energizes the crowd with his talk, but the media is soon reporting that he doesn’t stand a chance of winning. 

When Michael turns 10, he wonders if he is depressed and decides to call his father, George. He calls the house where his father lives with his mother. George’s mother yells at Michael, declaring that George doesn’t have a son, then puts George on the phone. When Michaels tells him that it’s his 10th birthday, George says, “Who put you up to this? Your mother?” (121). Michael hangs up. His family has a birthday party for him that day. 

At 13, Kathy gets involved with a group called the 8th Street Gang. Almost every night, she is away all night and uses a drug known as angel dust. One night, Michael comes home to find his mother threatening to cut Kathy’s hair off with scissors so that she won’t be able to “sleep with boys all night” (126). 

Nana dies, and the family attends the funeral. Afterward, Michael realizes that he had been the only one who was close to his grandmother. 

In the spring of 1978, Michael feels that the busing riots are in the past. Disco has taken over, and Michael and all of the other children spend their time trying to get into dance clubs. The only club willing to admit kids Michael’s age is called Illusions. He begins stealing disco clothes to wear, as well as buying bellbottoms from the check he receives from an antipoverty agency in Boston. However, he begins to love the clothes so much that he needs even more money, and he begins selling mescaline pills for Kevin at Illusions. One night, Michael spills a bottle of pills on the dance floor, and Kevin is furious. This is the end of Michael’s interest in selling drugs. He does enjoy drinking alcohol, however, and he often smuggles a bottle of whiskey into Illusions to drink while he dances. 

Joe is working at a garage when Whitey Bulger’s car is brought in for repairs. Kevin is in the back seat, holding a huge bag of marijuana. Kevin is now officially part of Bulger’s criminal enterprise. The MacDonalds rarely see him, and Michael reflects, “I guess he figured he had it made now, fifteen years old and riding high, in the backseat with the most powerful guy in Southie, James Whitey Bulger” (134).

Chapter 6 Summary: “August”

Violence is a constant in Michael’s life. He recalls, “One morning on my way to St. Augustine’s, I found three fingers. They were at the bottom of one of the tunnels” (135). He regards the incident as just another story to tell the kids at school. One day, Davey begins staring at his palms and screaming. Davey asks if Michael can see the bleeding wounds in his hands, but Michael can’t see anything. Davey jumps up and starts singing “Ding Dong the Witch Is Dead” from The Wizard of Oz. Every time Michael prays, he prays that Davey will not die by suicide. 

One night, a group of cops raids the MacDonald house, searching for drugs. They take Frankie over Ma’s protests and declare that they are taking him to jail. Michael knows that Kevin must have hidden his drug stash in Frankie’s room. The court tells Frankie that if he enlists in the Marines, he won’t be prosecuted, so he leaves home to begin training. When he comes home three months later, he is bald and has become obsessed with working out. Davey begins going on runs with him. 

In the summer of 1979, Michael is working a carpentry job that he was given by the welfare office. After work, he sees Davey on the street, completely calm. Later that night, there is a scream outside Michael’s home. Davey is lying face down in the road, covered in blood, having either jumped or fallen from a high roof. Michael calls 911. Davey jumps up and begins throwing punches at anyone he can reach while they wait for the police and medics. After working on Davey for an hour, the paramedics take him to a hospital. Michael admits, “Davey was gone from Patterson Way, and I suddenly felt again. I cried out loud” (151). 

Ma comes home from the hospital and tells Michael that Davey is in critical condition. (In reality, Davey is already dead, but Ma could not bring herself to tell Michael this news.) On the day of the funeral, Grandpa refuses to believe that Davey died by suicide and insists that Davey fell. MacDonald writes, “I too wanted to think Davey had fallen, until I went up to the roof where he’d made the last decision of his life and found broken bottles covered with his blood. He really wanted to die” (154). Michael guiltily feels that he could have done more to help Davey in his final week.

Chapters 4-6 Analysis

The traumatic events described in these chapters sow the seeds of Michael’s future disdain for the police, the American government, and Whitey Bulger, and he becomes more intensely embroiled in The Complexities of Close-Knit Communities as he and his siblings are forced to participate in a series of violent protests and join the mobs that form during the anti-busing riots. In these instances, the insular dynamics of Southie compel Michael to prove his toughness by throwing rocks at the offending buses. While the young Michael recognizes the problematic nature of this violence, he also views these events as bonding experiences for the Southie community, and The Code of Silence in South Boston causes Michael to embrace the camaraderie involved in collectively taking a stand against the government’s integration of the schools. 

Besides the political unrest, most of Chapters 4-6 serve to further illustrate the issues faced by many of Michael’s siblings as they begin to step onto diverse paths that will determine their largely tragic futures. For example, Kevin’s early criminal exploits intensify as he works himself more deeply into Southie’s criminal underground and even gains enough prestige to enjoy car rides with the notorious crime boss Whitey Bulger. Even Kathy is now associating with a gang, and her health deteriorates rapidly with her drug use and addiction. Faced with the growing evidence of his siblings’ darker paths, Michael manages to avoid the more sinister elements of the neighborhood by focusing on more positive outlets. Despite his brief attempt to dabble in drug dealing, his thoughts are more focused on music, fun, and the safety of his siblings. However, although he rejects criminal ambitions or reckless pursuits, he holds no hope of influencing his siblings in more positive directions, and he has little inclination to try, held as he is by the community’s code of silence. Significantly, Davey’s suicide is the first tragedy that ignites a sense of guilt in Michael, for he irrationally believes that he could have done more to help his brother. After Davey’s death, Michael punishes himself with this guilt, which manifests in his renewed desire to be more wary of his siblings’ safety in the future. However, because the book’s introduction has already made it known that many of Michael’s brothers lose their lives, this chapter is fraught with a sense of dramatic irony and looming dread, and it is clear that there is yet more tragedy to come.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
Unlock IconUnlock all 51 pages of this Study Guide

Plus, gain access to 8,800+ more expert-written Study Guides.

Including features:

+ Mobile App
+ Printable PDF
+ Literary AI Tools