53 pages 1 hour read

A Room with a View

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1908

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Part 2, Chapters 12-15Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 12 Summary: "Twelfth Chapter"

Mr. Beebe and Freddy visit the Emersons after they have moved into their new home. Freddy is taken by George and invites him for "a bathe" (134) in the Sacred Lake. The duo makes awkward conversation as they walk to the lake, while Beebe chatters absent-mindedly, remarking on the coincidence that so many guests from the Bertolini Hotel would reconvene in Summer Street. George proposes that fate may have brought them back together. Beebe disagrees, citing their common interest in Italian culture. George remains convinced that fate is the reason but agrees to disagree.

When they arrive at the lake, the awkwardness evaporates and they take "delirious" (139) pleasure in swimming and horseplay. They swim nude, hiding each other's clothes. Then, Beebe notices that some people are approaching. Cecil, Lucy, and Mrs. Honeychurch appear just as the naked men run and hide in the bushes. Cecil leads the women away, just as Lucy spots George cowering nude in the forest. He waves hello to her but she can only bow silently in response.

Chapter 13 Summary: "How Miss Bartlett's Boiler was so Tiresome"

Cecil leads Lucy and Mrs. Honeychurch along the path to visit Mrs. Butterworth. He is already annoyed at having to pay another "tiresome" (143) social visit, so he acts rudely. Lucy must interject to make amends, hinting at the dynamics of their future marriage. At the very least, she is pleased to notice these faults in Cecil before they are married. After, Mrs. Honeychurch criticizes Cecil's behavior. Lucy excuses her fiancé, claiming that he has high expectations for people. Mrs. Honeychurch dismisses this notion as "rubbish" (143). She also notes that Cecil is rude toward her and Freddy. He even comments rudely about the family's furniture. Lucy has nothing to say. She cannot defend her fiancé.

When Freddy arrives, he suggests that the Emersons visit the following week for a game of tennis. Despite Lucy's best efforts, Freddy settles on the plan. At dinner, he mentions his new friend George and wants to know more about him. He asks Lucy, knowing that she has met George before. Lucy offers only vague answers, as she does not want to lie.

Mrs. Honeychurch adds to Freddy's plans, suggesting that they invite Charlotte to Windy Corner. She knows that Charlotte's boiler is broken and that she must wait for it to be repaired by plumbers, so suggests that Charlotte stay with the Honeychurch family. Lucy tries to change her mother's mind, confessing that she does not "like Charlotte" (149). Cecil also does not approve. However, Mrs. Honeychurch's mind is made up. She calls the dissenting pair unkind; Freddy insists that Charlotte means well. Lucy, however, cannot stop thinking about her experiences in Florence.

Chapter 14 Summary: "How Lucy Faced the External Situation Bravely"

Lucy knows that she will meet George soon. She tries to prepare herself ahead of his arrival at Windy Corner, remembering when she saw him hiding in the bushes near the Sacred Lake. She remembers her desire to be near him. Despite the intensity of her feelings, the "obvious" (152) idea that she might love George does not cross her mind. Mr. Beebe mentions that George seems happier than his old self. His previous melancholy has eased, as though he is "waking up" (152) at last.

Charlotte's trip to Windy Corner is blighted by setbacks. After she alights at the wrong station, she is forced to take a cab to her final destination. Freddy rides with her. When he pays for the fare, she insists that she will repay him. She searches for change with Lucy. This gives her an opportunity to ask her most pressing questions to Lucy regarding George. She wants to know whether Cecil knows about the secret kiss. Lucy reminds Charlotte of the promise she made: She has told no one about the kiss. She is also not concerned, as anyone who did know about the kiss would already have mentioned it. Lucy does not believe that George loves her; she insists that he was gripped by a moment of impulsive passion.

As she continues the conversation, Lucy insists that George and his father are fine additions to the local community. She no longer wants to talk about the "silly Italian business" (156). Despite her insistence, her memories of Italy keep rising up in her mind.

Chapter 15 Summary: "The Disaster Within"

On a "glorious" (158) Sunday, Lucy attends church with her mother, Charlotte, and Minnie Beebe. After the service, she and her mother spot George and his father. They talk, with Mr. Emerson mentioning his regret at having seemingly stolen the cottage away from the Miss Alans. He insists that he had no idea about the "misunderstanding" (161).

Charlotte refuses to engage with the Emersons, walking right by them and into the waiting carriage. She offers only a cursory bow to acknowledge their presence, adopting the same snobbish persona as she did during "the old, old battle of the room with the view" (163) in the Pension Bertolini. George is embarrassed; he knows that Lucy remembers the kiss. Lucy, however, is pleased by George’s reaction, which humanizes him. She also notes that this almost certainly means that Mr. Emerson does not know about the kiss. She is even more confident that Cecil will never find out.

That afternoon, George comes to Windy Corner to play tennis with Freddy. He is a good player and beats everyone else. Cecil, however, chooses not to play. He would rather read a book. He reads aloud in a derisive, mocking tone. The novel, Under a Loggia, is set in Italy and, as Lucy quickly realizes, was written by Miss Lavish. Her initial excitement at knowing the author fades, however, as Cecil reads a section of the novel in which two young people kiss in a secluded spot, "carpeted by violets" (170). She is embarrassed and turns red, hiding her face from Cecil. However, she catches George's eye as Cecil narrates a particularly romantic passage. Lucy suggests that the group go for tea. They walk toward the house and, while she and George are passing behind shrubbery, he kisses her "for the second time" (171). 

Chapters 12-15 Analysis

Chapter 12 contains one of the most significant scenes in A Room with a View. In the scene, George is invited to bathe in the Sacred Lake with Freddy and Mr. Beebe. The three men visit the small pond, strip naked, and then frolic with one another until they are forced into hiding by the unexpected arrival of Cecil, Lucy, and Mrs. Honeychurch.

For the first time, the reserved middle-class men like Freddy and Beebe are encouraged to break with social convention. Their naked adventure is a breach of social etiquette far more scandalous than anything Mr. Emerson does in the novel, yet the three men are not punished for their actions. Instead, they actually enjoy themselves. By shedding their clothes and their manners, they embrace the kind of passion and reverence for life that George discovered when he kissed Lucy. Only by abandoning Edwardian social expectations are the characters allowed to bring themselves all to the same level and enjoy their company as equals.  

This enjoyment starkly contrasts with the muted response of Cecil, Mrs. Honeychurch, and Lucy. The three are making their way to a formal tea party, which Cecil later decries as dull. They are not enjoying themselves, yet they are adhering to social expectations. At the same time, the incident reveals the way in which expectations differ for men and women. Lucy is not permitted to swim in the Sacred Lake any longer because she is now a woman. Women are not allowed to frolic naked in a pond, while men are—at the very least—not punished or ostracized for doing so. The scene at the Sacred Lake reveals the need for characters to abandon social etiquette if they want to have fun, but also the way in which women are denied this opportunity. Furthermore, Lucy’s glimpse of the nude George ushers in a brief moment of vulnerability and desire, linking nudity to the shedding of inhibitions and echoing Lucy’s rebellious purchase of the nude art photograph back in Italy.

The more time Cecil spends in Summer Street, the more Lucy begins to realize that he does not fit into the rustic countryside parish. He patronizes and disparages the local people and their social events, clearly yearning to return to the urban setting of London, where he feels more at home. At the same time, however, he is welcomed into every event and his presence is never questioned. His middle-class credentials and his ability to adhere to the expected Edwardian social etiquette mean that he is always welcome in Summer Street, no matter what he says about the inhabitants.

Conversely, George is told that he does not fit into the community because he comes from a working-class family. When he and his father move into the empty house, the middle-class community is bemused and scornful. Though George makes more of an effort to be friendly with people, like Freddy and Beebe, and although Emerson is generous and intelligent, neither of them are ever as welcomed as the scornful Cecil.

During this time, Lucy begins to feel as though she is trapped in Summer Street. Her experiences in Italy have taught her to view the community as small and insular. When Cecil is made to feel at home and George is preemptively ostracized, Lucy's empathy naturally sides with George over her fiancé. Through their treatment of George, the community is laying the foundations for Lucy's eventual rejection of the middle-class status quo when she chooses George over Cecil at the novel’s climax.

While Lucy is becoming disillusioned with middle-class society, Charlotte subtly demonstrates the way her knowledge of etiquette allows her to manipulate the world around her. Throughout the novel, middle-class identity is portrayed as a performance that is assembled through adherence to social norms. Charlotte is not wealthy, but she adheres to these social norms with a religious zeal. She preaches the rules of behavior to others and criticizes anyone who makes the slightest infraction. Charlotte's complete understanding of these rules allows her to manipulate other people, such as when she arrives in a cab and uses a feigned claim of embarrassment to manufacture a private discussion with Lucy.

At the same time, Charlotte emphasizes her performance of middle-class identity by acting coldly toward the working-class George. She publicly shows her distrust of him, telling Lucy that he may reveal the secret of their kiss to the world. At the same time, Charlotte knows that she is the one who has breached Lucy's confidence and trust by telling the story to Miss Lavish. Charlotte tries to distract Lucy from her betrayal by publicly adhering to social norms and etiquette more than ever before.

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