Theoretical physicist famous for his theory of relativity and equation E=mc^2, made many foundational contributions to modern physics and worked in Princeton after fleeing Nazi Germany.

Mathematician and physicist who developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation, enhancing scientific understanding during the Enlightenment and laying groundwork for classical physics.

Ancient Greek philosopher who laid much of the groundwork for Western science and philosophy, providing early theories on the shape and movement of the Earth and the universe.

Italian astronomer who confirmed the heliocentric model of the solar system through observations of Jupiter's moons, challenging long-standing beliefs and clashing with the Catholic Church.

German astronomer who identified that planetary orbits are elliptical and authored important works aiding the development of Newton's universal gravitation theory.